Panorama of Fractals and Their Uses

Ammonite Sutures

Now extinct, ammonites were relatives of the nautilus. Like the nautilus, ammonites build spiral shells separated into chambers. The chamber wall meets the shell in a suture. Usually smooth curves in the nautilus, sutures in ammonites were complex fractal curves.
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One of the classical observations of paleontology is that
the apparent complexity of the ammonite sutures is higher for genera that evolved later.
The box-counting dimension of the sutures can quantify this observation.
However, even then interpretations are not straightforward.
Here is a summary of the evidence of Boyajian and Lutz that suture dimension increases with the age when genera appeared.
Here is an alternate reading of the data by Gould, together with an elaboration of cosmic significance.